AFRICA/SUDAN - Children’s health endangered by visceral leishmaniasis epidemic

Nairobi (Agenzia Fides) – A failed harvest and the effects of prolonged flooding may be fueling an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis, also known as Kala-azar, in parts of Southern Sudan, say health officials. Some 6,363 Kala-azar cases and 303 deaths have been reported since the outbreaks began in September 2009, according to a UN World Health Organization (WHO) update from 8 October. The caseload is six times higher than the number reported over a similar period in 2007 (758) and 2008 (582), with a spike in cases being recorded during the May-September rainy season when normally fewer cases are experienced. Kala-azar outbreaks occur in a cyclical pattern, and to understand factors contributing to the upsurge of cases one needs to undertake a thorough epidemic investigation and assessment. Most of those affected are malnourished children.
The most affected areas include Malakal, Baliet and Jonglei in Upper Nile State, while sporadic cases have been reported in Unity and Eastern Equatoria states. Kala-azar is caused by parasitic protozoa transmitted by the bite of an infected female sand fly. The Ministry of Health warned that the outbreak could deteriorate until April 2011, with insecurity, flooding and the lack of health facilities limiting access to treatment. Kala-azar treatment involves daily injections of sodium stibogluconate for a month so patients have to be near medical centers. (AP) (Agenzia Fides 21/10/2010)